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1 indirect orbit
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2 indirect orbit
Техника: орбита непрямого выведения -
3 indirect orbit
English-Ukrainian dictionary of aviation terms > indirect orbit
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4 orbit
1) орбита3) двигаться по орбите; выводить на орбиту; выходить на орбиту•-
assembly orbit
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baseline orbit
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circular orbit
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Clark orbit
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comet-observing orbit
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concentric orbit
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coplanar orbits
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core barrel orbit
-
docking orbit
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earth-centered orbit
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elliptical orbit
-
equatorial orbit
-
fixed orbit
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geostationary orbit
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geosynchronous orbit
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high-apogee orbit
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high-energy orbit
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inclined orbit
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indirect orbit
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in-plane orbits
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landing orbit
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low earth orbit
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low-energy orbit
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meeting orbit
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multiimpulsed orbit
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n-degree orbit
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nearly fixed orbit
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near-polar orbit
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noncoplanar orbit
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nuclear orbit
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one-impulsed orbit
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operational orbit
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parking orbit
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picture orbit
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quasi-polar orbit
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reference orbit
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rendezvous-compatible orbit
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retrograde orbit
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satellite-filled orbit
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shifted orbit
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silent orbit
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subsynchronous orbit
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sun-synchronous orbit
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supergeosynchronous orbit
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tailored orbit
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transfer orbit
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unperturbed orbit
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variable orbit -
5 orbit
1. n1) орбіта2) косм. політ по орбіті3) косм. виток4) траєкторія2. v2) рухатися по орбіті; виходити на орбіту3. a◊to achieve orbit — косм. виходити на орбіту
to boost into orbit — косм. закинути на орбіту
to inject into orbit — косм. виводити на орбіту
to put into orbit — косм. закинути на орбіту
•- braking orbit - circumlunar orbit - Clark orbit - comet-observing orbit - docking orbit - earth-centered orbit - fixed orbit - geostationary orbit - high-apogee orbit - high earth orbit - high-energy orbit - indirect orbit - initial orbit - landing orbit - low earth orbit - low-energy orbit - meeting orbit - n-degree orbit - near-earth orbit - nearly fixed orbit - nuclear orbit - operational orbit - parking orbit - partially complex orbit - quasi-polar orbit - rendezvous orbit - relatively compact orbit - rendezvous-compatible orbit - retrograde orbit - return orbit - satellite-filled orbit - silent orbit - staging orbit - stationary orbit - sun-synchronous orbit - supergeosynchronous orbit - tailored orbit -
6 орбита непрямого выведения
indirect orbitБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > орбита непрямого выведения
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7 орбита непрямого выведения
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > орбита непрямого выведения
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8 weapon
оружие; система оружия; боевое [огневое] средство; боеприпас; средство поражения; АБ; pl. вооружение, боевая техника; оснащать оружием, вооружать; см. тж. cannon, gun, missile, systemdepressed trajectory (capability) weapon — орудие для настильной стрельбы; боеприпас с пологой траекторией (подхода к цели)
enhanced (penetrating) radiation weapon — оружие с повышенным уровнем [выходом] начальной [проникающей] радиации
ethnic (group selection) weapon — этническое оружие, поражающее отдельные группы населения
neutral (charge) beam weapon — пучковое оружие; оружие, поражающее узконаправленным потоком нейтральных частиц
reduced blast and heat (nuclear) weapon — ЯО с пониженным действием ударной волны и теплового [светового] излучения
— acoustic wave weapon— aerial warfare weapon— antiarmor-capable weapon— dirty nuclear weapon— fission -type weapon— flame-blast weapon— fusion-type weapon— genetic weapon— high-yield nuclear weapon— howitzer-type weapon— limited-yield nuclear weapon— loader's station weapon— low-yield nuclear weapon— medium-yield nuclear weapon— nominal nuclear weapon— optimum-yield nuclear weapon— point-target weapon— recoil-energy operated weapon— rifled-bore weapon— satellite-borne weapon— second-strike retaliatory weapon— supporting weapon— vehicle-mounted weapon -
9 IOC
1) Общая лексика: независимый оператор (Independent Operating Company, www. acronymfinder. com), МОК (Международный олимпийский комитет)2) Американизм: Index Of Cooperation3) Военный термин: Infantry Officer Course, Intelligence Operations Center, indirect operating costs, initial operational capability, installation and operational checkout, interagency operating committee, interim operational capability4) Техника: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, in-orbit checkout, input/output control5) Шутливое выражение: Incredibly Obvious Corruption6) Юридический термин: International Organized Crime7) Бухгалтерия: Insist On Cash8) Дипломатический термин: International Organization for Commerce9) Оптика: integrated optical circuit10) Политика: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission11) Телекоммуникации: Inter- Office Channel12) Сокращение: Improved / Initial / Interim Operational Capability/Clearance, Indirect Operating Cost, Institute of Chemistry, Interceptor Operations Centre, International Olympic Committee, International Operating Center, indirect operating cost (s)13) Вычислительная техника: ISDN ordering code, Inter-Office Channel, Input/Output Cluster (Cray, I/O), International Operating Center (Telephony, US)14) Нефть: Международная нефтяная компания (International Oil Company)15) Космонавтика: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)16) Банковское дело: приказ брокеру, который должен быть немедленно выполнен или аннулирован (immediate or cancel order)17) Фирменный знак: International Oil Company18) Экология: International Ozone Commission, inorganic chemical19) Инвестиции: immediate or cancel20) Сетевые технологии: input-output controller, input/output channel, канал ввода-вывода21) Океанография: Intergovermental Oceanographic Commission22) Химическое оружие: Industrial Operations Command, Initial Operating Capability, Island Operating Contractor23) Безопасность: Infrastructure Operating Center24) Программное обеспечение: Inversion of Control25) Федеральное бюро расследований: Interception Of Communication26) Единицы измерений: Index Of Coincidence -
10 IoC
1) Общая лексика: независимый оператор (Independent Operating Company, www. acronymfinder. com), МОК (Международный олимпийский комитет)2) Американизм: Index Of Cooperation3) Военный термин: Infantry Officer Course, Intelligence Operations Center, indirect operating costs, initial operational capability, installation and operational checkout, interagency operating committee, interim operational capability4) Техника: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, in-orbit checkout, input/output control5) Шутливое выражение: Incredibly Obvious Corruption6) Юридический термин: International Organized Crime7) Бухгалтерия: Insist On Cash8) Дипломатический термин: International Organization for Commerce9) Оптика: integrated optical circuit10) Политика: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission11) Телекоммуникации: Inter- Office Channel12) Сокращение: Improved / Initial / Interim Operational Capability/Clearance, Indirect Operating Cost, Institute of Chemistry, Interceptor Operations Centre, International Olympic Committee, International Operating Center, indirect operating cost (s)13) Вычислительная техника: ISDN ordering code, Inter-Office Channel, Input/Output Cluster (Cray, I/O), International Operating Center (Telephony, US)14) Нефть: Международная нефтяная компания (International Oil Company)15) Космонавтика: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)16) Банковское дело: приказ брокеру, который должен быть немедленно выполнен или аннулирован (immediate or cancel order)17) Фирменный знак: International Oil Company18) Экология: International Ozone Commission, inorganic chemical19) Инвестиции: immediate or cancel20) Сетевые технологии: input-output controller, input/output channel, канал ввода-вывода21) Океанография: Intergovermental Oceanographic Commission22) Химическое оружие: Industrial Operations Command, Initial Operating Capability, Island Operating Contractor23) Безопасность: Infrastructure Operating Center24) Программное обеспечение: Inversion of Control25) Федеральное бюро расследований: Interception Of Communication26) Единицы измерений: Index Of Coincidence -
11 ioc
1) Общая лексика: независимый оператор (Independent Operating Company, www. acronymfinder. com), МОК (Международный олимпийский комитет)2) Американизм: Index Of Cooperation3) Военный термин: Infantry Officer Course, Intelligence Operations Center, indirect operating costs, initial operational capability, installation and operational checkout, interagency operating committee, interim operational capability4) Техника: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, in-orbit checkout, input/output control5) Шутливое выражение: Incredibly Obvious Corruption6) Юридический термин: International Organized Crime7) Бухгалтерия: Insist On Cash8) Дипломатический термин: International Organization for Commerce9) Оптика: integrated optical circuit10) Политика: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission11) Телекоммуникации: Inter- Office Channel12) Сокращение: Improved / Initial / Interim Operational Capability/Clearance, Indirect Operating Cost, Institute of Chemistry, Interceptor Operations Centre, International Olympic Committee, International Operating Center, indirect operating cost (s)13) Вычислительная техника: ISDN ordering code, Inter-Office Channel, Input/Output Cluster (Cray, I/O), International Operating Center (Telephony, US)14) Нефть: Международная нефтяная компания (International Oil Company)15) Космонавтика: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)16) Банковское дело: приказ брокеру, который должен быть немедленно выполнен или аннулирован (immediate or cancel order)17) Фирменный знак: International Oil Company18) Экология: International Ozone Commission, inorganic chemical19) Инвестиции: immediate or cancel20) Сетевые технологии: input-output controller, input/output channel, канал ввода-вывода21) Океанография: Intergovermental Oceanographic Commission22) Химическое оружие: Industrial Operations Command, Initial Operating Capability, Island Operating Contractor23) Безопасность: Infrastructure Operating Center24) Программное обеспечение: Inversion of Control25) Федеральное бюро расследований: Interception Of Communication26) Единицы измерений: Index Of Coincidence -
12 support
поддержка; обеспечение; тыловое обеспечение; материально-техническое обеспечение; МТО; обслуживание; головной отряд ( авангарда) ; сторожевая застава; второй эшелон ( в обороне) ; тыловой отряд; поддерживать; обеспечивать; обслуживать;C3 support — обеспечение средствами оперативного управления и связи; обеспечение органов руководства, управления и связи
nuclear (weapons) logistical support — тыловое обеспечение [МТО] применения ЯО
nuclear (weapons) logistics support — тыловое обеспечение [МТО] применения ЯО
— chemical corps support— cryptologistics support— logistical support— munitions logistic support— transportation support -
13 method
1) метод; приём; способ2) методика3) технология4) система•- accelerated strength testing method-
benching method-
bullhead well control method-
electrical-surveying method-
electromagnetic surveying method-
long-wire transmitter method-
operational method-
rule of thumb method-
straight flange method of rolling beams-
symbolical method-
tee-test method-
testing method-
triangulation method-
value-iteration method -
14 circular
1. n циркуляр, циркулярное письмо2. n реклама, проспект3. a круглый4. a круговой; движущийся по кругу5. a спец. круговой; относящийся к кругуcircular wait — ожидание "по кругу"; круговое ожидание
6. a кольцевой, кольцеобразный7. a повторяющийся8. a кружный, окольный9. a непрямой, неоткровенныйstop giving me circular explanations and tell me what really happened — перестань толочься вокруг да около и скажи мне, что случилось
10. a циркулярныйcircular letter — циркуляр, циркулярное письмо
11. a лог. не выходящий за пределы логического кругаcircular proof — довод, который сам нуждается в доказательстве
Синонимический ряд:1. circuitous (adj.) circuitous; curved; winding2. indirect (adj.) collateral; indirect; oblique; roundabout; tortuous3. round (adj.) annular; orbicular; revolving; ring-shaped; rotary; round; spherical; spinning; turning4. leaflet (noun) advertisement; broadside; bulletin; flier; handbill; leaflet; pamphlet; tractАнтонимический ряд: -
15 transfer
передача; перевод; перелёт ( с одной орбиты на другую) ; переносить, передавать; переводить (на др. орбиту) ; перекачивать ( топливо)noncoplanar circular orbits transfer — переход [перелёт] между круговыми неко(м) пленарными орбитами
optimal finite-thrust orbit transfer — оптимальный перелёт с одной орбиты на другую с ограниченной тягой
radiant (heat) transfer — лучистый теплообмен, теплопередача излучением
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16 determination
1) определение; измерение2) вычисление•- absolute ampere determination -
absolute determination
-
absolute ohm determination
-
direct determination
-
experimental determination
-
indirect determination
-
in-process determination
-
multiple determinations
-
on-line determination
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optical determination
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orbit determination
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precise determination
-
radar determination
-
reliable determination
-
repair determination
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repeat determination
-
routine determination
-
signal determination
-
single determination
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target positioning determination -
17 IOC
1. indirect operating cost(s) - косвенные эксплуатационные расходы;2. initial operational capability - начальная рабочая характеристика;3. in-orbit checkout - проверка на орбите;4. input/output channel - канал ввода-вывода;5. input/output control - управление вводом-выводом данных;6. input-output controller - контроллер ввода-вывода;7. integrated optical circuit - оптическая интегральная схема; оптическая ИС;8. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO - Межправительственная океанографическая комиссия ЮНЕСКО; МОК -
18 coupling
1) образование пары; объединение в пару; спаривание2) связь; взаимное влияние; взаимодействие || связывающий; реализующий взаимное влияние; реализующий взаимодействие3) соединитель, соединительный элемент, соединение; сцепка || соединяющий; сцепляющий4) муфта; сочленение; шарнир•- alternating-current coupling
- antenna coupling
- antiferromagnetic coupling
- aperture coupling
- bandpass coupling
- bayonet coupling
- beam coupling
- capacitive coupling
- cathode coupling
- cavity coupling
- choke coupling
- choke-flange coupling
- circulator coupling
- close coupling
- coflow coupling
- common-impedance coupling
- conductive coupling
- contraflow coupling
- critical coupling
- cross coupling
- crosstalk coupling
- direct coupling
- direct-current coupling
- direct exchange coupling
- direct inductive coupling
- electric coupling
- electric-field coupling
- electromagnetic coupling
- electromechanical coupling
- electron coupling
- electron-ion collisional coupling
- electrostatic coupling
- exchange coupling
- flange coupling
- flexible coupling
- high-side capacitance coupling
- hyperfine coupling
- hysteresis coupling
- impedance coupling
- indirect exchange coupling
- induction coupling
- inductive coupling
- injection emitter coupling
- intercavity coupling
- interelectrode coupling
- interlayer coupling
- interstage coupling
- intracavity coupling
- iris coupling
- Josephson coupling
- junction coupling
- line coupling
- link coupling
- load coupling
- loop coupling
- loose coupling
- L-S coupling
- magnetic coupling
- magnetic-dipole coupling
- magnetic-field coupling
- magnetoelastic coupling
- mode coupling
- mutual-inductance coupling
- negative coupling
- n-order coupling
- ohmic coupling
- optical coupling
- optimum coupling
- over coupling
- photon coupling
- piezoelectric coupling
- positive coupling
- probe coupling
- radiation coupling
- RC coupling
- reference coupling
- resistance coupling
- resistance-capacitance coupling
- resistive coupling
- series-capacitance coupling
- shunt-capacitance coupling
- slot coupling
- spin-orbit coupling
- spin-phonon coupling
- spin-spin coupling
- strip coupling
- synchronous coupling
- tight coupling
- transformer coupling
- transitional coupling
- unity coupling
- universal coupling
- variable coupling
- waveguide coupling
- weak coupling -
19 method
метод; способ- method of moments
- method of spin-density functional
- access method
- aluminum resist method
- angle-lapping method
- aperture field method
- B-method
- balanced method
- basic direct access method
- basic sequential access method
- basic telecommunication access method
- batch method
- Bayesian methods
- box-diffusion method
- Box-Wilson method
- Bridgman method
- Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- bright-field method
- cavity method
- Chalmers method
- chemical-reaction method
- chemical vapor infiltration method
- Cochran-Orcutt method
- coherent-pulse method
- collocation method
- common access method
- compensation method
- conditional maximum likelihood method
- conjugate gradients method
- constant-temperature method
- contact method
- convex combination method
- critical path method
- crucibleless method
- crystal-pulling method
- cylinder method
- Czochralski method
- dark-field method
- decoupled method
- Delphi method
- deposition method
- derivate approximation method
- desiccant packing method
- destructive method
- differential-conductivity method
- differential Doppler method
- diffraction method
- diffused-collector method
- diffused-meltback method
- diffusion method
- direct method
- dispersion and mask method
- dispersion and mask template method
- distribution-free method
- dot-alloying method
- double-doping method
- double-exposure method
- dynamic bubble collapse method
- edge enhancement method
- electronic-recording method
- electron-lithography method
- electron-orbit method
- Engle-Granger method
- epitaxial-diffused method
- equisignal-zone method
- equivalent-current-sheet method
- estimation method
- etching method
- etch-pit method
- evaporation method
- event-driven method
- FDTD method
- field matching method
- filter method of single-sideband signals generation
- finite-difference method
- finite-difference time domain method
- finite-element method
- flame-fusion method
- flip-chip method
- floating-probe method
- floating-zone method
- four-point probe method
- frequency-domain method
- fusion method
- fuzzy method
- Galerkin's method
- Gauss-Newton method
- Gauss-Seidel method
- generalized method of moments
- generalized instrumental variables method
- geometrical optics method
- goal-driven method
- gradient method
- Green function method
- growth method
- heavy ball method
- heuristic method
- hierarchical direct access method
- hierarchical indexed direct access method
- hierarchical indexed sequential access method
- hierarchical sequential access method
- Horner method
- hot-probe method
- hypothetico-deductive method
- incomplete Choleski-decomposition method
- indexed sequential-access method
- indirect method
- induced electromotive force method
- induced EMF method
- induced magnetomotive force method
- induced MMF method
- insertion method
- in situ method
- instrumental variables method
- intaglio method
- intelligent decision support method
- interference method
- introspective method
- ion-drift method
- ion-implantation method
- isothermal method
- isothermal dipping method
- jack-knife method
- Jackson method
- Johansen method
- Kiefer-Wolfowitz method
- k-means method
- k-partan method
- Krüger-Finke method
- Kyropoulos method
- laborious method
- learning subspace method
- least distance method
- least-squares method
- Levenberg-Marquardt method
- lithographic method
- lobe switching method
- logistic method
- Marquardt method
- masking method
- matrix method
- maximum entropy method
- maximum likelihood method
- meltback method
- melt-freeze method
- melt-quench method
- memory operating characteristic method
- modified partan method
- molecular-field method
- Monte Carlo method
- morphological method
- Newton method
- Newton-Raphson method
- nodal method
- nondestructive method
- null method
- offset carrier method
- offset subcarrier method
- OLS method
- operations research method
- ordered elimination method
- ordinary least squares method
- orthogonalized plane wave method
- outer product of gradient method
- overcompensated method
- over-under probe method
- oxide resist method
- pair-exchange method
- partan method
- path compression method
- path-of-steepest-ascent method
- path sensitizing method
- pedestal method
- perturbation method
- phase-contrast method
- phase-plane method
- phasing method of single-sideband signals generation
- photoconductive decay method
- photolithographic method
- planographic method
- powder method
- principal components method
- probe method
- pseudopotential method
- queued access method
- queued indexed sequential access method
- queued sequential access method
- queued telecommunication access method
- random-walk method
- ray-optics method
- recalculation method
- receiver operating characteristic method
- recrystallization method
- rejection-mask method
- resonance method
- rotary-crystallizer method
- rotating crystal method
- roulette wheel method
- schlieren method
- scientific method
- sector method
- sequential-access method
- silk-screening method
- simplex method
- simulated annealing method
- skip-field method
- slow-cooling method
- solder-reflow method
- solid-state diffusion method
- speckle method
- spectral-domain method
- spray-processing method
- staining method
- state-space method
- static baycenter method
- stationary-phase method
- strain-annealed method
- sublimation-condensation method
- surface-potential equilibration method
- symbolic layout method
- symmetric displacement method
- temperature differential method
- temperature-variation method
- thermal-gradient method
- time-domain method
- Todama method
- traveling-solvent method
- trial-and-error method
- two-wattmeter method
- van der Pol method
- vapor-liquid-solid method
- variable-metric method
- vector-potential method
- Verneuil method
- vernier pulse-timing method
- virtual storage access method
- virtual telecommunications access method
- VLS method
- Warnier-Orr method
- wire-wrap method
- zero method -
20 coupling
1) образование пары; объединение в пару; спаривание2) связь; взаимное влияние; взаимодействие || связывающий; реализующий взаимное влияние; реализующий взаимодействие3) соединитель, соединительный элемент, соединение; сцепка || соединяющий; сцепляющий4) муфта; сочленение; шарнир•- alternating-current coupling
- antenna coupling
- antiferromagnetic coupling
- aperture coupling
- bandpass coupling
- bayonet coupling
- beam coupling
- capacitive coupling
- cathode coupling
- cavity coupling
- choke coupling
- choke-flange coupling
- circulator coupling
- close coupling
- coflow coupling
- common-impedance coupling
- conductive coupling
- contraflow coupling
- critical coupling
- cross coupling
- crosstalk coupling
- direct coupling
- direct exchange coupling
- direct inductive coupling
- direct-current coupling
- electric coupling
- electric-field coupling
- electromagnetic coupling
- electromechanical coupling
- electron coupling
- electron-ion collisional coupling
- electrostatic coupling
- exchange coupling
- flange coupling
- flexible coupling
- high-side capacitance coupling
- hyperfine coupling
- hysteresis coupling
- impedance coupling
- indirect exchange coupling
- induction coupling
- inductive coupling
- injection emitter coupling
- intercavity coupling
- interelectrode coupling
- interlayer coupling
- interstage coupling
- intracavity coupling
- iris coupling
- Josephson coupling
- junction coupling
- line coupling
- link coupling
- load coupling
- loop coupling
- loose coupling
- L-S coupling
- magnetic coupling
- magnetic-dipole coupling
- magnetic-field coupling
- magnetoelastic coupling
- mode coupling
- mutual-inductance coupling
- negative coupling
- n-order coupling
- ohmic coupling
- optical coupling
- optimum coupling
- over coupling
- photon coupling
- piezoelectric coupling
- positive coupling
- probe coupling
- radiation coupling
- RC coupling
- reference coupling
- resistance coupling
- resistance-capacitance coupling
- resistive coupling
- series-capacitance coupling
- shunt-capacitance coupling
- slot coupling
- spin-orbit coupling
- spin-phonon coupling
- spin-spin coupling
- strip coupling
- synchronous coupling
- tight coupling
- transformer coupling
- transitional coupling
- unity coupling
- universal coupling
- variable coupling
- waveguide coupling
- weak couplingThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > coupling
- 1
- 2
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Extrasolar planet — Planet Fomalhaut b (inset against Fomalhaut s interplanetary dust cloud) imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope s coronagraph (NASA photo) … Wikipedia
Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… … Universalium
global warming — an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect. [1975 80] * * * Potential increase in global average surface temperatures resulting from… … Universalium
cosmos — /koz meuhs, mohs/, n., pl. cosmos, cosmoses for 2, 4. 1. the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system. 2. a complete, orderly, harmonious system. 3. order; harmony. 4. any composite plant of the genus Cosmos, of tropical… … Universalium
Methods of detecting extrasolar planets — Any planet is an extremely faint light source compared to its parent star. In addition to the intrinsic difficulty of detecting such a faint light source, the light from the parent star causes a glare that washes it out. For those reasons, only a … Wikipedia
Solar eclipse — A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth so that the Sun is wholly or partially obscured. This can only happen during a new moon, when the Sun and Moon are in conjunction as seen from the Earth. At least two and… … Wikipedia
climate change — Introduction periodic modification of Earth s climate brought about as a result of changes in the atmosphere as well as interactions between the atmosphere and various other geologic, chemical, biological, and geographic factors within the Earth … Universalium
comet — cometary /kom i ter ee/, cometic /keuh met ik/, cometical, adj. cometlike, adj. /kom it/, n. Astron. a celestial body moving about the sun, usually in a highly eccentric orbit, consisting of a central mass surrounded by an envelope of dust and… … Universalium
parallax — parallactic /par euh lak tik/, adj. parallactically, adv. /par euh laks /, n. 1. the apparent displacement of an observed object due to a change in the position of the observer. 2. Astron. the apparent angular displacement of a celestial body due … Universalium
Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… … Universalium